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Development History of DSS Modeling
Drug development requires animal models to test efficacy. With over 50 years of development and optimization, the Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS) ulcerative colitis (UC) model, among various animal models, is widely used to study the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Fig.5 DSS induces the proliferation of ISC precursor cells in Drosophila [4] .
Modeling success evaluation criteria
1. Disease Activity Index ( DAI score )
The model was evaluated with multiple parameters including body weight, fecal viscosity and occult blood, through which generates the overall DAI.
Table 2 DAI scoring rules
|
score |
percent weight loss |
stool consistency |
fecal occult blood |
|
0 |
0 |
normal |
Negative |
|
1 |
1-5% |
soft stool |
light blue |
|
2 |
5-10% |
mucoid stool |
blue |
|
3 |
10-20% |
loose stools |
dark blue |
|
4 |
>20% |
\ |
gross bloody stool |
2. Histological Change Score
The scores were given for the above indicators based on the histological changes excluding the lymph node formation for acute colitis model. The HE staining reagents used is Cat#60524ES60.
Table 3 Histological change score
|
score |
Ulcer( s ) |
Epithelial changes |
inflammatory infiltrate |
lymph node( s ) |
|
0 |
0 |
normal |
none |
none |
|
1 |
1 |
goblet cell loss |
Pericrypt infiltration |
1 |
|
2 |
2 |
goblet cell loss |
Infiltration of the muscularis mucosae |
2 |
|
3 |
3 |
crypt deletion |
General infiltration of the muscularis mucosa, thickening of the mucosa |
3 |
|
4 |
>3 |
Extensive crypt loss or polypoid regeneration |
submucosa invasion |
>3 |
|
Model |
Modeling samples |
Modeling plan |
Modeling results |
Use evaluation |
|
acute colitis |
BALB/c mice, female, 6-8 weeks, 25 g |
3%-5% DSS drink freely for 7 consecutive days |
Day 5 appeared, the length of the colon was shortened, HE staining, and the inflammation was obvious |
molding speed is fast and the time is short. Consistent with the characteristics of acute colitis model |
|
C57BL/6 mice, male, 8 weeks, 20 g |
3%-5% DSS by gavage, continuous administration |
Day 5 occurs, colon shortening, weight loss, blood in the stool, diarrhea |
High mold rate and short duration. Consistent with the characteristics of acute colitis model |
|
|
chronic colitis |
C57BL/6 mouse, male, 8 weeks, 22 g |
1-2% DSS by gavage, continuous administration |
Day40 appears, colon shortening, weight loss, blood in the stool, diarrhea |
High molding rate . Consistent with the characteristics of the chronic colitis model |
|
colon cancer |
C57BL/6 mouse, male, 8 weeks, 21 g |
1%-2% DSS ad libitum for 5 days for 3 weeks |
14 weeks with shortened colon length, weight loss, HE staining, and obvious inflammation |
High molding rate . Consistent with colon cancer model characteristics |
FAQs
Regardless of acute DSS colitis model or chronic DSS colitis model, the severity and success of enteritis are related to mouse species (different genetic backgrounds), DSS concentration, and dosing cycle.
Table 5 Common problems of DSS colitis modeling
|
possible problems |
possible reason |
Suggested solution |
|
high mortality in mice |
DSS concentration too high |
Decrease the concentration of DSS administered |
|
Mice with no or low symptoms of enteritis |
DSS concentration too low |
Increase DSS dosing concentration; decrease cycle interval (10-14 days) |
|
In the same group of mice, the symptoms of enteritis vary greatly |
bottle cap clogged |
Check the mouse drinking bottle daily |
Product order
Hot-selling product only needs 1/3 of the price of M* with same efficiency，and we keep a large stock.
|
Product Name |
Article Number |
Specification |
|
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000 |
60316ES25 |
25g |
|
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000 |
60316ES60 |
100 g |
|
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000 |
60316ES76 |
500 g |
|
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000 |
60316ES80 |
1 kg |
HB220419
